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Old sulphates into the copper was placed on the backs of animals used in the department of the Aude

The colonization of modern times will be at the origin of the expansion of the vine in the world.

Traces of the first vineyards of South Africa dates back to 1659, in Cape Province, where he was introduced by the first settlers. The conquest of Mexico and throughout South America, focusing on the dissemination of the Christian religion, will be responsible for the development of the vines in these regions. There are traces of vineyards in the foothills Andes (central Chile and Argentina), but these are wines made from Bordeaux to Chile since the mid-sixteenth century that will be at the origin of the wine industry in these countries.

In North America, the vine was already in the wild, especially in the east, in the present state of Virginia, but also in Canada, in the form of vines wrapping around trees. It was in fact a variety of grape called Vitis riparia, which had edible fruit, unlike the European variety Vitis vinifera, a very low potential winery. Some missionaries congregations, including the Society of Jesus and the Order of Friars Minor Recollects of Canada, tried several times to take the wine lambrusques local to fill the needs of the Eucharist, but these attempts were abandoned wine from the late seventeenth century. In the seventeenth century, European plants are imported and planted on the east coast of the United States, but not resistant to local diseases of the vine. It was in the eighteenth century that the Californian vineyards grows, led by Franciscan monks. In Canada, the region around the Great Lakes is the most conducive to testing wine: some varieties of European vineyards located in the middle of the eighteenth century are growing today. Wine production in North America of the nineteenth century is relatively large, but will be stopped in the early twentieth century through the establishment of Prohibition (1917). The activity resumed at the end of the “temperance” in 1933. The experience of Prohibition winemakers will encourage Americans to engage in the production of quality wines. French hybrids are introduced in the twentieth century and in 1939 the wine importer Frank Schoonmaker launched the idea of varietal wines (wines from a single grape variety), a product that will make the renowned vineyards U.S. and with it all the New World. The wine industry is developing in U.S. especially in the 1970s thanks to new technologies. These are the European vine that will be the source of the vineyard.

While in the southern Mediterranean, the rise of Islam is an obstacle to the wine production, Europe wine growing. Until the seventeenth century, the wine is the only drink and stored safely and it is only the appearance of the first beer, tea, coffee, chocolate (imported from distant colonies) and water Current, he is dethroned. The wine industry is threatened by these newcomers, but the invention of the bottle and its rapid development will enable it to take its place. The first wines to give custody to the wine a second wind. Château Haut-Brion was the first to market a wine of “reserve” wine for which he has made a selection during the harvest, thus ensuring a certain quality.

While the vine extends around the world, the European wine, French in particular, has its share of problems. In 1731, Louis XV prohibits new plantings to curb the production of mediocre wines, except in land suitable for quality wines. The French Revolution and restore the freedom of culture, in breaking up the property of the Church for distribution to the people, will profoundly change the landscape French wine. The vine and wine become the centers of the most important, particularly in southern Europe where they are in Italy 80% of the population. The Industrial Revolution of the nineteenth century, promoting the development of transport, will enable the growth of the wine industry and facilitate the delivery of products, putting the supremacy of the wines of Southern Europe.

But phylloxera accidentally imported from the United States in the years 1865 – 70, plonge viticulture in his first major crisis. The vineyard is decimated European and fortunately saved by the importation of American plants resistant to insects. French production this fall and the vineyards in southern benefit in bringing to market wines of lesser quality.

The twentieth century brings its share of industrial and technological revolutions. Progress in research and many investments will enable the development of the wine, wine science. The quality of the wine is clear and the prioritization of vineyards occurs gradually, reaching the one we know today.

It should be noted that for a long time, development, expansion and development of vine cultivation in the world have made under the leadership of religious communities. During the last century, the constant search for better quality and greater cultural importance which is given to wine wine confirmed its leading role in Western civilization.